Introduction
This article narrates the origin of the Mangic people who live in both China and Vietnam.Mang means 'mountain people' and they are part of a branch of the Austro-Asiatic people which linguists call Mangic but earlier linguists call Pakanic.
Homeland
The Mangic people's homeland is in the mountainous regions of Honghe (紅河) prefecture and Wenshan (文山) prefecture in south-eastern Yunnan bordering north-western Vietnam. Refer to pink color region below.
This is a rare video (in Chinese language) of a Mang village in Jinping county, Honghe prefecture in south-eastern Yunnan narrating some aspects of their culture.
Migration to south-eastern Yunnan
The earliest history of Mangic people are shared with their Palaungic brothers narrated in another article in this blog.In ancient times, whereas the Palaungic people migrated southwards along the Salween River, the Mangic people migrated from the eastern side of Mekong River moving southeastward along the upper Red River basin which is besides the Ailao Mountains range heading towards south-eastern Yunnan.
Refer to the map below.
During the 15th century AD (Ming dynasty), the Mang people were already recorded to live in south-eastern Yunnan bordering north-western Vietnam.
In 17th century AD (early Qing dynasty), some Mang people migrated further south to Lào Cai and Lai Châu provinces in north-western Vietnam probably due to the upheaval caused by the Qing Manchu army pursuit of Southern Ming Chinese army in Yunnan.
In 17th century AD (early Qing dynasty), some Mang people migrated further south to Lào Cai and Lai Châu provinces in north-western Vietnam probably due to the upheaval caused by the Qing Manchu army pursuit of Southern Ming Chinese army in Yunnan.
In 2009, the Chinese government classified them together with the Bulang/Blang due to their small numbers. Bulang/Blang actually belongs to the Palaungic branch of Austro-Asiatic people whereas Mang is a separate branch of Austro-Asiatic people.
The Bolyu people are not native to western Guangxi; Bolyu oral tradition claims that the Bolyu migrated from western Guizhou province bordering south-eastern Yunnan (Refer to map above). They migrated together with the White Gelao people, a subgroup of Kra branch, from western Guizhou province to Guangxi province around 1851-1864 AD during the Taiping rebellion.
Whereas the Bolyu language borrowed many loanwords from the Gelao people, Pakan borrowed many loanwords from Lolo-Yi people which provide evidence that both Pakanic groups have been living with the respective groups for a long time.
Mangic subgroups
The Mangic branch consists of two sub-branches- Western branch: Mang
- Eastern branch (Pakanic): Bugan aka Pakan, Bolyu aka Palyu aka Lai
The Bolyu people are not native to western Guangxi; Bolyu oral tradition claims that the Bolyu migrated from western Guizhou province bordering south-eastern Yunnan (Refer to map above). They migrated together with the White Gelao people, a subgroup of Kra branch, from western Guizhou province to Guangxi province around 1851-1864 AD during the Taiping rebellion.
Whereas the Bolyu language borrowed many loanwords from the Gelao people, Pakan borrowed many loanwords from Lolo-Yi people which provide evidence that both Pakanic groups have been living with the respective groups for a long time.
In China, the Pakan/Bugan have been incorrectly classified as the 'flower Lolo' which is a branch of Sino-Tibetan people.
It is possible that both groups were part of the same kingdom in ancient times before splitting into different groups which could explain the close similarities in their languages and also their current proximity to each other.
The detailed origin of the Palaungic people is in the Related links section below.
Ethnic origin of Palaung
http://eastasiaorigin.blogspot.com/2020/06/ethnic-origin-of-palaung.html
Copyright © eastasiaorigin.blogspot 2017-2020. All rights reserved.
Closest ethnic relative
The closest ethnic relative of the Mangic people are the Palaungic people who live in south-western Yunnan and north-eastern Myanmar.It is possible that both groups were part of the same kingdom in ancient times before splitting into different groups which could explain the close similarities in their languages and also their current proximity to each other.
The detailed origin of the Palaungic people is in the Related links section below.
 |
| Palaung |
Conclusion
The Mangic people are the most north-eastern branch of the Austro-Asiatic people. They are the natives of Mekong River basin in Yunnan in ancient times before migrating to south-eastern Yunnan and north-western Vietnam.
Related links
http://eastasiaorigin.blogspot.com/2020/06/ethnic-origin-of-palaung.html
Sources
- A preliminary reconstruction of Proto-Pakanic. Andrew Hsiu. 2016. Payap University.
- Reconstructing Austroasiatic history. Roger Blench. 2014.
- Migration of Bolyu and Bugan people. https://kknews.cc/history/z588nzp.html
- Past and current history of Mang people. By Yang Liujin 楊六金. Yunnan education publication 2004. https://kknews.cc/culture/o3rg84m.html
Copyright © eastasiaorigin.blogspot 2017-2020. All rights reserved.
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